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Rates of TDS (tax deducted at source) for FY 2025-26 (1st April 2025 to 31st March-2026) (By Finance Act 2025)

List of TDS (tax deducted at source) rates along with related transactions and budget proposals for the financial year 2025-26 (AY-2026-27) is provided in the table given below.- TDS Rate Chart for FY 2025-26 (AY 2026-27) Payment Type Threshold Limit (Rs) Resident -TDS Rate (%) Non-Resident -TDS Rate (%) (including EC & SHEC) Section 192: […]

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Understanding Strategy: Beyond Operational Effectiveness

In today’s dynamic and competitive business environment, the distinction between operational effectiveness and strategy is crucial for sustainable success. While companies have historically emphasized flexibility, benchmarking, outsourcing, and honing core competencies, the true differentiation lies in their strategic positioning. Operational effectiveness, though essential, is not sufficient for achieving long-term competitive advantage. Operational Effectiveness: A Necessary […]

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Understanding India’s Monetary Policy Framework and Objectives

What is Monetary Policy? What are goals of Monetary policy and how these goals are achieved? Monetary policy refers to the use of monetary instruments by the central bank to regulate interest rates, money supply, and availability of credit with a view to achieving the ultimate objective of economic growth and price stability. The primary […]

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The concept of Other Comprehensive income under IFRS with comparison with Ind-AS.

Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) refers to revenues, expenses, gains, and losses that are not included in net income on the income statement, but instead are reported in a separate component of shareholders’ equity called accumulated other comprehensive income. This concept is part of a broader accounting framework that aims to provide a more comprehensive picture […]

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Understanding Depreciation, Amortization, Impairment, and Depletion: A Complete Guide

In the financial and accounting world, terms like depreciation, amortization, impairment, and depletion often come into play, especially when assessing the value of assets over time. While these concepts share similarities in that they all relate to the reduction of value of assets, they apply to different types of assets and under varying circumstances. In […]

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Methods to find out the present value of a future sum of money or future ordinary annuity or any annuity due.

1. Finding the Present value of a sum of money receivable in the future. The present value (PV) of an investment refers to the current worth of a future sum of money, taking into consideration the time value of money. In other words, it’s the amount that needs to be invested today to achieve a […]

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Different methods of forecasting in economics.

Economic forecasting involves the use of various methods and techniques to predict future economic trends, indicators, and outcomes. These methods vary in complexity and accuracy, and they are used by economists, policymakers, businesses, and analysts to make informed decisions. Here are some common methods of economic forecasting: Economic forecasting is a challenging endeavor, and no […]

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Capital Assets pricing model (CAPM) , its formula and uses.

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a widely used financial model that helps investors and analysts understand the relationship between risk and expected returns for individual securities or portfolios of assets. It provides a framework for evaluating the required rate of return for an investment based on its risk characteristics relative to the overall […]

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What is relation between interest rate and inflation?

The relationship between interest rates and inflation is complex and multifaceted, and it’s often discussed in the context of monetary policy, economic conditions, and financial markets. Here are the key points to understand about the relationship between interest rates and inflation: 1. General Relationship: In general, there tends to be a positive relationship between interest […]

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Methods to find out the future value of an Investment OR Ordinary Annuity OR Annuity due or Incremental Annuity/SIP.

1. Finding the future value of a one-time investment. The future value (FV) of an investment or cash flow represents the value of that investment or cash flow at a specified point in the future, taking into account the effects of interest or investment growth. The formula to calculate the future value is: Where: Here’s […]

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All about EPS-95 pension Scheme and Option for higher pension under para 11(3) & 11(4) of EPS-95 with changes upto 01.06.2023

What is EPS-95? section 6A(1) of THE EMPLOYEES’ PROVIDENT FUNDS AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS ACT, 1952 provides that- The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame a scheme to be called the Employees’ Pension Scheme for the purpose of providing for—  (a) superannuation pension, retiring pension or permanent total disablement pension to the […]

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Investment in GOLD

Gold is the most secure investment in times of crisis due to its features like global acceptance, liquidity, prestige, demand, etc. In India, people prefer to buy and accumulate gold for marriages, worship, investment, customs, etc. The middle-income group also buys a small quantity of Gold during Festival Season and holds it for any critical […]

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Financial System and its stages, components, and Functions.

Financial System A “Financial System” is a set of interrelated activities working together to achieve some pre-determined goal. It includes- Markets Financial institutions Financial Instruments Financial services and The Mechanism that influences the generation of savings for investment, capital formation and growth. An efficient financial system plays a key role for an economy to operate […]

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What is Balance of Payment? What is balance of Trade? What is current account deficit/ Surplus and capital account deficit / Surplus? What is forex reserve? What is Trade Deficit/ Surplus?

There is many terms like Balance of payment, Balance of Trade, Current A/c Deficit, Capital account deficit, trade deficit, forex reserve which appears to be confusing to many students. Read the complete article to develop such understanding about these terms that you will never forget. Please refer following basic points before going ahead in learning […]

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Coronavirus (COVID-19): How much harmful is corona for world economy? What should we do? What should investors do in this era of viruses i.e. Coronavirus.

Coronavirus (COVID-19): How much harmful is corona for world economy? What should we do? What should investors do in this era of viruses i.e. Coronavirus.? There are many questions come to everyone’s mind regarding Coronavirus (Covid-19). Share market is facing one of the biggest fall due to corona virus. Hence investors are in panic. Everyone’s […]

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Current position of Indian Economy w.r.t. Economic Survey of India for FY 2019-20 (presented in Parliament on 31-01-2020)

Current position of Indian Economy w.r.t. Economic Survey of India for FY 2019-20 (presented in Parliament on 31-01-2020) Economic Survey 2019- 20 was presented in the Parliament by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on January 31, 2020. The theme of Economic Survey 2020 is- “Enable markets, promote ‘pro-business’ policies and strengthen ‘trust‘ in the economy”. The […]

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On 1st March 2018, Cabinet cleared "Fugitive Economic Offenders Bill 2018"

The Cabinet today cleared Fugitive Economic Offenders Bill which targets big defaulters involved in economic crime of over Rs. 100 crores. “Fugitive Economic Offenders Bill 2018” has been brought to confiscation of properties of such fugitives. There will also be the provision to confiscate those assets outside India but co-operation of that country will be […]

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On 1st March 2018, Cabinet approved setting up NFRA as regulator for Auditors

Today on 1st March 2018, The Cabinet approved setting up of the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA), which will be an independent regulator for the auditing profession. After Rs 12700 crore fraud at Punjab National, Government find timing and reason to amend Companies Act, 2013 for setting up separate independent regulator for auditing profession i.e. […]

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Priority Sector Lending Targets for FY 2018-19 for Foreign Banks with 20 or more Branches.

RBI announced Priority Sector Lending Targets for FY 2018-19 for Foreign Banks with 20 or more Branches in notification dated 1st march 2018. As per RBI notification, Lending target are:- Sub-target of 8% of ANBC (Adjusted Net Bank Credit) or CEOBE (Credit equivalent Amount of Off-Balance Sheet Exposure), whichever is higher to small and marginal […]

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On 28-02-2018, RBI revised limit of "exchange traded currency derivatives".

RBI revised limit of “exchange traded currency derivatives” without having to establish underlying exposure for resident in India and FPI.Currently, persons resident in India and FPIs are allowed position in USD-INR upto USD 15 million per exchange and positions in EUR-INR, GBP-INR and JPY-INR pairs, all put together, upto USD 5 million equivalent per exchange. […]

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On 23rd February 2018, Reserve Bank of India launched the Ombudsman Scheme for NBFC

Good News for customers of NBFC like Bajaj Financial Services Limited, LIC Housing Finance, PNB housing finance, Indiabulls group, Muthoot Finance, Reliance Capital, Sundaram Finance, GIC housing Financial Services etc. as they will get expedite and cost-free resolution for their complaints. Reserve Bank of India launched the Ombudsman Scheme for NBFC on date February 23, […]

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RBI constituted an Expert Committee to look into the reasons for high divergence observed in asset classification and provisioning by banks.

In view of large divergences observed in asset classification and provisioning in the credit portfolio of banks as well as the rising incidence of frauds in the Indian banking system, RBI decided to constitute an Expert Committee under the chairmanship of Shri Y H Malegam, a former member of the Central Board of Directors of […]

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Link your Adhaar with Various Financial products and mobile number before 31st march 2018

On 15-02-2018, Government issued a notification to require all postal Life Insurance holder to provide their Aadhaar detail.The notification also makes Aadhaar mandatory for all new insurance policies that will be issued in the future. This notification does not specify any deadline for linking of Aadhaar with Postal Life Insurance policies. Constitutional Validity of Aadhaar […]

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Indian Accounting Standards (IND-AS): Whether applicable to your company or not?

Indian Accounting Standards (IND-AS): Whether applicable to your company or not? After a long converging process of Accounting standards(AS) and IFRS, Ministry of corporate affairs has come up with new standards name as Indian Accounting Standards(Ind-AS) which sum of AS and IFRS. Hundred percent adoption of IFRS was not possible in Indian Scenario, hence Necessary […]

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Universal Basic Income (UBI): A substitute of social welfare schemes to reduce poverty

Universal Basic Income (UBI): A substitute of social welfare schemes to reduce poverty What is concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI)? As per the concept of Universal Basic Income (also known as Unconditional Basic Income, Social Dividend, Citizen’s Income), the government have to pay a unconditional sum of money to every citizen on periodical basis. […]

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What is difference between Pledge, Mortgage and Hypothecation?

What is difference between Pledge, Mortgage and Hypothecation I have received some queries asking the difference between Pledge, Mortgage and Hypothecation. This question is normally asked in interviews in banking and even bankers are found confused about the little difference between these terms. To understand the difference between these terms first find the similarity in […]

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Basics of Letter of Credit(LC)

Basics of Letter of Credit(LC)/Documentary Credit What is Letter of Credit? How does it work? What are different Types of LC? Is there any law governing LC? What is Documentary Credit? Importance of LC in International Trade. These are the questions ringing in the mind of people starting new business or people dealing with finance […]

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